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2016 Statute



Prev Article 16. - REGULATION OF PHARMACISTSNext


65-1626. Definitions. For the purposes of this act:

(a) "Administer" means the direct application of a drug, whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion or any other means, to the body of a patient or research subject by:

(1) A practitioner or pursuant to the lawful direction of a practitioner;

(2) the patient or research subject at the direction and in the presence of the practitioner; or

(3) a pharmacist as authorized in K.S.A. 65-1635a, and amendments thereto.

(b) "Agent" means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor or dispenser but shall not include a common carrier, public warehouseman or employee of the carrier or warehouseman when acting in the usual and lawful course of the carrier's or warehouseman's business.

(c) "Application service provider" means an entity that sells electronic prescription or pharmacy prescription applications as a hosted service where the entity controls access to the application and maintains the software and records on its server.

(d) "Authorized distributor of record" means a wholesale distributor with whom a manufacturer has established an ongoing relationship to distribute the manufacturer's prescription drug. An ongoing relationship is deemed to exist between such wholesale distributor and a manufacturer when the wholesale distributor, including any affiliated group of the wholesale distributor, as defined in section 1504 of the internal revenue code, complies with any one of the following: (1) The wholesale distributor has a written agreement currently in effect with the manufacturer evidencing such ongoing relationship; and (2) the wholesale distributor is listed on the manufacturer's current list of authorized distributors of record, which is updated by the manufacturer on no less than a monthly basis.

(e) "Board" means the state board of pharmacy created by K.S.A. 74-1603, and amendments thereto.

(f) "Brand exchange" means the dispensing of a different drug product of the same dosage form and strength and of the same generic name as the brand name drug product prescribed.

(g) "Brand name" means the registered trademark name given to a drug product by its manufacturer, labeler or distributor.

(h) "Chain pharmacy warehouse" means a permanent physical location for drugs or devices, or both, that acts as a central warehouse and performs intracompany sales or transfers of prescription drugs or devices to chain pharmacies that have the same ownership or control. Chain pharmacy warehouses must be registered as wholesale distributors.

(i) "Co-licensee" means a pharmaceutical manufacturer that has entered into an agreement with another pharmaceutical manufacturer to engage in a business activity or occupation related to the manufacture or distribution of a prescription drug and the national drug code on the drug product label shall be used to determine the identity of the drug manufacturer.

(j) "DEA" means the U.S. department of justice, drug enforcement administration.

(k) "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual, constructive or attempted transfer from one person to another of any drug whether or not an agency relationship exists.

(l) "Direct supervision" means the process by which the responsible pharmacist shall observe and direct the activities of a pharmacy student or pharmacy technician to a sufficient degree to assure that all such activities are performed accurately, safely and without risk or harm to patients, and complete the final check before dispensing.

(m) "Dispense" means to deliver prescription medication to the ultimate user or research subject by or pursuant to the lawful order of a practitioner or pursuant to the prescription of a mid-level practitioner.

(n) "Dispenser" means a practitioner or pharmacist who dispenses prescription medication, or a physician assistant who has authority to dispense prescription-only drugs in accordance with K.S.A. 65-28a08(b), and amendments thereto.

(o) "Distribute" means to deliver, other than by administering or dispensing, any drug.

(p) "Distributor" means a person who distributes a drug.

(q) "Drop shipment" means the sale, by a manufacturer, that manufacturer's co-licensee, that manufacturer's third party logistics provider, or that manufacturer's exclusive distributor, of the manufacturer's prescription drug, to a wholesale distributor whereby the wholesale distributor takes title but not possession of such prescription drug and the wholesale distributor invoices the pharmacy, the chain pharmacy warehouse, or other designated person authorized by law to dispense or administer such prescription drug, and the pharmacy, the chain pharmacy warehouse, or other designated person authorized by law to dispense or administer such prescription drug receives delivery of the prescription drug directly from the manufacturer, that manufacturer's co-licensee, that manufacturer's third party logistics provider, or that manufacturer's exclusive distributor, of such prescription drug. Drop shipment shall be part of the "normal distribution channel."

(r) "Drug" means: (1) Articles recognized in the official United States pharmacopoeia, or other such official compendiums of the United States, or official national formulary, or any supplement of any of them; (2) articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in human or other animals; (3) articles, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of human or other animals; and (4) articles intended for use as a component of any articles specified in paragraph (1), (2) or (3); but does not include devices or their components, parts or accessories, except that the term "drug" shall not include amygdalin (laetrile) or any livestock remedy, if such livestock remedy had been registered in accordance with the provisions of article 5 of chapter 47 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated, prior to its repeal.

(s) "Durable medical equipment" means technologically sophisticated medical devices that may be used in a residence, including the following: (1) Oxygen and oxygen delivery system; (2) ventilators; (3) respiratory disease management devices; (4) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices; (5) electronic and computerized wheelchairs and seating systems; (6) apnea monitors; (7) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) units; (8) low air loss cutaneous pressure management devices; (9) sequential compression devices; (10) feeding pumps; (11) home phototherapy devices; (12) infusion delivery devices; (13) distribution of medical gases to end users for human consumption; (14) hospital beds; (15) nebulizers; or (16) other similar equipment determined by the board in rules and regulations adopted by the board.

(t) "Electronic prescription" means an electronically prepared prescription that is authorized and transmitted from the prescriber to the pharmacy by means of electronic transmission.

(u) "Electronic prescription application" means software that is used to create electronic prescriptions and that is intended to be installed on the prescriber's computers and servers where access and records are controlled by the prescriber.

(v) "Electronic signature" means a confidential personalized digital key, code, number or other method for secure electronic data transmissions which identifies a particular person as the source of the message, authenticates the signatory of the message and indicates the person's approval of the information contained in the transmission.

(w) "Electronic transmission" means the transmission of an electronic prescription, formatted as an electronic data file, from a prescriber's electronic prescription application to a pharmacy's computer, where the data file is imported into the pharmacy prescription application.

(x) "Electronically prepared prescription" means a prescription that is generated using an electronic prescription application.

(y) "Exclusive distributor" means any entity that: (1) Contracts with a manufacturer to provide or coordinate warehousing, wholesale distribution or other services on behalf of a manufacturer and who takes title to that manufacturer's prescription drug, but who does not have general responsibility to direct the sale or disposition of the manufacturer's prescription drug; (2) is registered as a wholesale distributor under the pharmacy act of the state of Kansas; and (3) to be considered part of the normal distribution channel, must be an authorized distributor of record.

(z) "Facsimile transmission" or "fax transmission" means the transmission of a digital image of a prescription from the prescriber or the prescriber's agent to the pharmacy. "Facsimile transmission" includes, but is not limited to, transmission of a written prescription between the prescriber's fax machine and the pharmacy's fax machine; transmission of an electronically prepared prescription from the prescriber's electronic prescription application to the pharmacy's fax machine, computer or printer; or transmission of an electronically prepared prescription from the prescriber's fax machine to the pharmacy's fax machine, computer or printer.

(aa) "Generic name" means the established chemical name or official name of a drug or drug product.

(bb) (1) "Institutional drug room" means any location where prescription-only drugs are stored and from which prescription-only drugs are administered or dispensed and which is maintained or operated for the purpose of providing the drug needs of:

(A) Inmates of a jail or correctional institution or facility;

(B) residents of a juvenile detention facility, as defined by the revised Kansas code for care of children and the revised Kansas juvenile justice code;

(C) students of a public or private university or college, a community college or any other institution of higher learning which is located in Kansas;

(D) employees of a business or other employer; or

(E) persons receiving inpatient hospice services.

(2) "Institutional drug room" does not include:

(A) Any registered pharmacy;

(B) any office of a practitioner; or

(C) a location where no prescription-only drugs are dispensed and no prescription-only drugs other than individual prescriptions are stored or administered.

(cc) "Intermediary" means any technology system that receives and transmits an electronic prescription between the prescriber and the pharmacy.

(dd) "Intracompany transaction" means any transaction or transfer between any division, subsidiary, parent or affiliated or related company under common ownership or control of a corporate entity, or any transaction or transfer between co-licensees of a co-licensed product.

(ee) "Medical care facility" shall have the meaning provided in K.S.A. 65-425, and amendments thereto, except that the term shall also include facilities licensed under the provisions of K.S.A. 75-3307b, and amendments thereto, except community mental health centers and facilities for people with intellectual disability.

(ff) "Manufacture" means the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, conversion or processing of a drug either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis and includes any packaging or repackaging of the drug or labeling or relabeling of its container, except that this term shall not include the preparation or compounding of a drug by an individual for the individual's own use or the preparation, compounding, packaging or labeling of a drug by:

(1) A practitioner or a practitioner's authorized agent incident to such practitioner's administering or dispensing of a drug in the course of the practitioner's professional practice;

(2) a practitioner, by a practitioner's authorized agent or under a practitioner's supervision for the purpose of, or as an incident to, research, teaching or chemical analysis and not for sale; or

(3) a pharmacist or the pharmacist's authorized agent acting under the direct supervision of the pharmacist for the purpose of, or incident to, the dispensing of a drug by the pharmacist.

(gg) "Manufacturer" means a person licensed or approved by the FDA to engage in the manufacture of drugs and devices.

(hh) "Mid-level practitioner" means a certified nurse-midwife engaging in the independent practice of midwifery under the independent practice of midwifery act, an advanced practice registered nurse issued a license pursuant to K.S.A. 65-1131, and amendments thereto, who has authority to prescribe drugs pursuant to a written protocol with a responsible physician under K.S.A. 65-1130, and amendments thereto, or a physician assistant licensed pursuant to the physician assistant licensure act who has authority to prescribe drugs pursuant to a written agreement with a supervising physician under K.S.A. 65-28a08, and amendments thereto.

(ii) "Normal distribution channel" means a chain of custody for a prescription-only drug that goes from a manufacturer of the prescription-only drug, from that manufacturer to that manufacturer's co-licensed partner, from that manufacturer to that manufacturer's third-party logistics provider or from that manufacturer to that manufacturer's exclusive distributor, directly or by drop shipment, to:

(1) A pharmacy to a patient or to other designated persons authorized by law to dispense or administer such drug to a patient;

(2) a wholesale distributor to a pharmacy to a patient or other designated persons authorized by law to dispense or administer such drug to a patient;

(3) a wholesale distributor to a chain pharmacy warehouse to that chain pharmacy warehouse's intracompany pharmacy to a patient or other designated persons authorized by law to dispense or administer such drug to a patient; or

(4) a chain pharmacy warehouse to the chain pharmacy warehouse's intracompany pharmacy to a patient or other designated persons authorized by law to dispense or administer such drug to a patient.

(jj) "Person" means individual, corporation, government, governmental subdivision or agency, partnership, association or any other legal entity.

(kk) "Pharmacist" means any natural person licensed under this act to practice pharmacy.

(ll) "Pharmacist-in-charge" means the pharmacist who is responsible to the board for a registered establishment's compliance with the laws and regulations of this state pertaining to the practice of pharmacy, manufacturing of drugs and the distribution of drugs. The pharmacist-in-charge shall supervise such establishment on a full-time or a part-time basis and perform such other duties relating to supervision of a registered establishment as may be prescribed by the board by rules and regulations. Nothing in this definition shall relieve other pharmacists or persons from their responsibility to comply with state and federal laws and regulations.

(mm) "Pharmacist intern" means: (1) A student currently enrolled in an accredited pharmacy program; (2) a graduate of an accredited pharmacy program serving an internship; or (3) a graduate of a pharmacy program located outside of the United States which is not accredited and who has successfully passed equivalency examinations approved by the board.

(nn) "Pharmacy," "drugstore" or "apothecary" means premises, laboratory, area or other place: (1) Where drugs are offered for sale where the profession of pharmacy is practiced and where prescriptions are compounded and dispensed; or (2) which has displayed upon it or within it the words "pharmacist," "pharmaceutical chemist," "pharmacy," "apothecary," "drugstore," "druggist," "drugs," "drug sundries" or any of these words or combinations of these words or words of similar import either in English or any sign containing any of these words; or (3) where the characteristic symbols of pharmacy or the characteristic prescription sign "Rx" may be exhibited. As used in this subsection, premises refers only to the portion of any building or structure leased, used or controlled by the licensee in the conduct of the business registered by the board at the address for which the registration was issued.

(oo) "Pharmacy prescription application" means software that is used to process prescription information, is installed on a pharmacy's computers or servers, and is controlled by the pharmacy.

(pp) "Pharmacy technician" means an individual who, under the direct supervision and control of a pharmacist, may perform packaging, manipulative, repetitive or other nondiscretionary tasks related to the processing of a prescription or medication order and who assists the pharmacist in the performance of pharmacy related duties, but who does not perform duties restricted to a pharmacist.

(qq) "Practitioner" means a person licensed to practice medicine and surgery, dentist, podiatrist, veterinarian, optometrist or scientific investigator or other person authorized by law to use a prescription-only drug in teaching or chemical analysis or to conduct research with respect to a prescription-only drug.

(rr) "Preceptor" means a licensed pharmacist who possesses at least two years' experience as a pharmacist and who supervises students obtaining the pharmaceutical experience required by law as a condition to taking the examination for licensure as a pharmacist.

(ss) "Prescriber" means a practitioner or a mid-level practitioner.

(tt) "Prescription" or "prescription order" means: (1) An order to be filled by a pharmacist for prescription medication issued and signed by a prescriber in the authorized course of such prescriber's professional practice; or (2) an order transmitted to a pharmacist through word of mouth, note, telephone or other means of communication directed by such prescriber, regardless of whether the communication is oral, electronic, facsimile or in printed form.

(uu) "Prescription medication" means any drug, including label and container according to context, which is dispensed pursuant to a prescription order.

(vv) "Prescription-only drug" means any drug whether intended for use by human or animal, required by federal or state law, including 21 U.S.C. § 353, to be dispensed only pursuant to a written or oral prescription or order of a practitioner or is restricted to use by practitioners only.

(ww) "Probation" means the practice or operation under a temporary license, registration or permit or a conditional license, registration or permit of a business or profession for which a license, registration or permit is granted by the board under the provisions of the pharmacy act of the state of Kansas requiring certain actions to be accomplished or certain actions not to occur before a regular license, registration or permit is issued.

(xx) "Professional incompetency" means:

(1) One or more instances involving failure to adhere to the applicable standard of pharmaceutical care to a degree which constitutes gross negligence, as determined by the board;

(2) repeated instances involving failure to adhere to the applicable standard of pharmaceutical care to a degree which constitutes ordinary negligence, as determined by the board; or

(3) a pattern of pharmacy practice or other behavior which demonstrates a manifest incapacity or incompetence to practice pharmacy.

(yy) "Readily retrievable" means that records kept by automatic data processing applications or other electronic or mechanized record-keeping systems can be separated out from all other records within a reasonable time not to exceed 48 hours of a request from the board or other authorized agent or that hard-copy records are kept on which certain items are asterisked, redlined or in some other manner visually identifiable apart from other items appearing on the records.

(zz) "Retail dealer" means a person selling at retail nonprescription drugs which are prepackaged, fully prepared by the manufacturer or distributor for use by the consumer and labeled in accordance with the requirements of the state and federal food, drug and cosmetic acts. Such nonprescription drugs shall not include: (1) A controlled substance; (2) a prescription-only drug; or (3) a drug intended for human use by hypodermic injection.

(aaa) "Secretary" means the executive secretary of the board.

(bbb) "Third party logistics provider" means an entity that: (1) Provides or coordinates warehousing, distribution or other services on behalf of a manufacturer, but does not take title to the prescription drug or have general responsibility to direct the prescription drug's sale or disposition; (2) is registered as a wholesale distributor under the pharmacy act of the state of Kansas; and (3) to be considered part of the normal distribution channel, must also be an authorized distributor of record.

(ccc) "Unprofessional conduct" means:

(1) Fraud in securing a registration or permit;

(2) intentional adulteration or mislabeling of any drug, medicine, chemical or poison;

(3) causing any drug, medicine, chemical or poison to be adulterated or mislabeled, knowing the same to be adulterated or mislabeled;

(4) intentionally falsifying or altering records or prescriptions;

(5) unlawful possession of drugs and unlawful diversion of drugs to others;

(6) willful betrayal of confidential information under K.S.A. 65-1654, and amendments thereto;

(7) conduct likely to deceive, defraud or harm the public;

(8) making a false or misleading statement regarding the licensee's professional practice or the efficacy or value of a drug;

(9) commission of any act of sexual abuse, misconduct or exploitation related to the licensee's professional practice; or

(10) performing unnecessary tests, examinations or services which have no legitimate pharmaceutical purpose.

(ddd) "Vaccination protocol" means a written protocol, agreed to by a pharmacist and a person licensed to practice medicine and surgery by the state board of healing arts, which establishes procedures and recordkeeping and reporting requirements for administering a vaccine by the pharmacist for a period of time specified therein, not to exceed two years.

(eee) "Valid prescription order" means a prescription that is issued for a legitimate medical purpose by an individual prescriber licensed by law to administer and prescribe drugs and acting in the usual course of such prescriber's professional practice. A prescription issued solely on the basis of an internet-based questionnaire or consultation without an appropriate prescriber-patient relationship is not a valid prescription order.

(fff) "Veterinary medical teaching hospital pharmacy" means any location where prescription-only drugs are stored as part of an accredited college of veterinary medicine and from which prescription-only drugs are distributed for use in treatment of or administration to a nonhuman.

(ggg) "Wholesale distributor" means any person engaged in wholesale distribution of prescription drugs or devices in or into the state, including, but not limited to, manufacturers, repackagers, own-label distributors, private-label distributors, jobbers, brokers, warehouses, including manufacturers' and distributors' warehouses, co-licensees, exclusive distributors, third party logistics providers, chain pharmacy warehouses that conduct wholesale distributions, and wholesale drug warehouses, independent wholesale drug traders and retail pharmacies that conduct wholesale distributions. Wholesale distributor shall not include persons engaged in the sale of durable medical equipment to consumers or patients.

(hhh) "Wholesale distribution" means the distribution of prescription drugs or devices by wholesale distributors to persons other than consumers or patients, and includes the transfer of prescription drugs by a pharmacy to another pharmacy if the total number of units of transferred drugs during a twelve-month period does not exceed 5% of the total number of all units dispensed by the pharmacy during the immediately preceding twelve-month period. Wholesale distribution does not include:

(1) The sale, purchase or trade of a prescription drug or device, an offer to sell, purchase or trade a prescription drug or device or the dispensing of a prescription drug or device pursuant to a prescription;

(2) the sale, purchase or trade of a prescription drug or device or an offer to sell, purchase or trade a prescription drug or device for emergency medical reasons;

(3) intracompany transactions, as defined in this section, unless in violation of own use provisions;

(4) the sale, purchase or trade of a prescription drug or device or an offer to sell, purchase or trade a prescription drug or device among hospitals, chain pharmacy warehouses, pharmacies or other health care entities that are under common control;

(5) the sale, purchase or trade of a prescription drug or device or the offer to sell, purchase or trade a prescription drug or device by a charitable organization described in 503(c)(3) of the internal revenue code of 1954 to a nonprofit affiliate of the organization to the extent otherwise permitted by law;

(6) the purchase or other acquisition by a hospital or other similar health care entity that is a member of a group purchasing organization of a prescription drug or device for its own use from the group purchasing organization or from other hospitals or similar health care entities that are members of these organizations;

(7) the transfer of prescription drugs or devices between pharmacies pursuant to a centralized prescription processing agreement;

(8) the sale, purchase or trade of blood and blood components intended for transfusion;

(9) the return of recalled, expired, damaged or otherwise non-salable prescription drugs, when conducted by a hospital, health care entity, pharmacy, chain pharmacy warehouse or charitable institution in accordance with the board's rules and regulations;

(10) the sale, transfer, merger or consolidation of all or part of the business of a retail pharmacy or pharmacies from or with another retail pharmacy or pharmacies, whether accomplished as a purchase and sale of stock or business assets, in accordance with the board's rules and regulations;

(11) the distribution of drug samples by manufacturers' and authorized distributors' representatives;

(12) the sale of minimal quantities of drugs by retail pharmacies to licensed practitioners for office use; or

(13) the sale or transfer from a retail pharmacy or chain pharmacy warehouse of expired, damaged, returned or recalled prescription drugs to the original manufacturer, originating wholesale distributor or to a third party returns processor in accordance with the board's rules and regulations.

History: L. 1953, ch. 290, § 3; L. 1975, ch. 319, § 2; L. 1977, ch. 217, § 1; L. 1978, ch. 242, § 1; L. 1978, ch. 243, § 1; L. 1979, ch. 193, § 1; L. 1982, ch. 182, § 138; L. 1986, ch. 235, § 1; L. 1986, ch. 231, § 9; L. 1986, ch. 236, § 1; L. 1987, ch. 235, § 5; L. 1987, ch. 236, § 1; L. 1988, ch. 297, § 2; L. 1989, ch. 193, § 1; L. 1989, ch. 192, § 2; L. 1989, ch. 192, § 3; L. 1991, ch. 272, § 10; L. 1996, ch. 229, § 118; L. 1997, ch. 112, § 1; L. 1999, ch. 38, § 1; L. 1999, ch. 149, § 6; L. 2000, ch. 89, § 1; L. 2000, ch. 159, § 10; L. 2001, ch. 31, § 1; L. 2002, ch. 25, § 2; L. 2003, ch. 124, § 8; L. 2006, ch. 169, § 117; L. 2007, ch. 177, § 30; L. 2011, ch. 114, § 55; L. 2012, ch. 107, § 1; L. 2012, ch. 166, § 11; L. 2014, ch. 131, § 4; L. 2015, ch. 46, § 2; L. 2016, ch. 92, § 99; Jan. 1, 2017.

Revisor's Note:

Section was amended twice in the 2006 session, see also 65-1626c.

Section was amended twice in the 2007 session, see also 65-1626d.

Section was also amended by L. 2012, ch. 91, § 42, but that version was repealed by L. 2012, ch. 166, § 24.



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